Encephalitis after influenza in Sweden 1987-1998: a rare complication of a common infection

The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of influenza-related encephalitis in Sweden during 11.5 years. Studies from Japan report an increased incidence of influenza-related encephalitis/encephalopathy. Few other studies are available. We conducted a retrospective register-based study on the Swedish National Inpatient Register, which covers all Swedish hospitals. In 1987–1998, a total number of 14,250 hospitalized individuals had an influenza diagnosis (population incidence: 137 per million personyears). In-hospital mortality was 4.1%. Using three different approaches, only 21 cases of influenza-related encephalitis were found, corresponding to a rate of 1.5 per 1,000 hospitalized persons with an influenza diagnosis (population incidence 0.21 per million person-years). We conclude that encephalitis following influenza occurs rarely, or is an infrequently recognized, diagnosed or reported complication. The cases we studied in detail have all recovered without sequels.

Av författaren/redakt...: Hjalmarsson, A; Blomqvist, P; Brytting, M; Linde, A; Skoldenberg, B

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