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“Hypoxic” Silurian oceans suggest early animals thrived in a low-O2 world

Haxen, Emma R. (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Molekylär evolution,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Molecular Evolution,Lund University Research Groups,University of Copenhagen
Schovsbo, Niels H. (author)
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark
Nielsen, Arne T. (author)
University of Copenhagen
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Richoz, Sylvain (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Berggrundsgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Lithosphere and Biosphere Science,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science
Loydell, David K. (author)
University of Portsmouth
Posth, Nicole R. (author)
University of Copenhagen
Canfield, Donald E. (author)
University of Southern Denmark
Hammarlund, Emma U. (author)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Berggrundsgeologi,Geologiska institutionen,Naturvetenskapliga fakulteten,Molekylär evolution,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Lithosphere and Biosphere Science,Department of Geology,Faculty of Science,Molecular Evolution,Lund University Research Groups
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 (creator_code:org_t)
2023
2023
English.
In: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - 0012-821X. ; 622
Related links:
http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://lup.lub.lu.s...
https://doi.org/10.1...
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  • Journal article (peer-reviewed)
Abstract Subject headings
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  • Atmospheric oxygen (O2) concentrations likely remained below modern levels until the Silurian–Devonian, as indicated by several recent studies. Yet, the background redox state of early Paleozoic oceans remains poorly constrained, hampering our understanding of the relationship between early animal evolution and O2. Here, we present a multi-proxy analysis of redox conditions in the Caledonian foreland basin to Baltica from the early to the mid-Silurian. Our results indicate that anoxic to severely hypoxic bottom waters dominated during deposition of the Silurian sediments cored in the Sommerodde-1 well (Bornholm, Denmark), and regional comparison suggests that these conditions persisted across the Baltoscandian foreland basin. Indeed, even during times of relative oxygenation, ichnological observations indicate that conditions were, at most, very weakly oxic. The results suggest that dissolved O2 was generally scarce in the bottom waters of the extensive Silurian seaway between Baltica and Avalonia, even between Paleozoic “Anoxic Events”. In light of delayed oxygenation of the atmosphere–hydrosphere system, it may be time to consider that early animals were adapted to “hypoxia” and thrived through ∼100 million years of low-O2 conditions after the Cambrian.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geology (hsv//eng)

Keyword

animal evolution
Baltic basin
caledonian foreland basin
ocean oxygenation
redox
Silurian

Publication and Content Type

art (subject category)
ref (subject category)

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