Ontogenetic bottlenecks: effects on intraguild predation systems and ecosystem efficiency

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Ontogenetic bottlenecks : effects on intraguild predation systems and ecosystem efficiency

Reichstein, Birte, 1983- (författare): Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap

Persson, Lennart, Professor (preses): Umeå universitet,Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap

De Roos, André M., Professor (preses): Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Amarasekare, Priyanga, Professor (opponent): Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA

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ISBN 9789176012994
Umeå : Umeå University, 2015
Engelska 29 s.

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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)

Abstract Ämnesord

Stäng

Size-dependent differences between individuals in size-structured organisms have fundamental effect on population and community dynamics. Intraguild predation (IGP) is one specifically interesting constellation that often arises when two size-structured populations interact. Ontogenetic bottlenecks that determine population size-structure are affected by both population intrinsic as well as population extrinsic factors, and are therefore context-dependent. Surprisingly, size-structured IGP systems have mainly been investigated theoretically and especially long-term empirical studies are widely lacking. In this thesis I investigate empirically how habitat complexity, interaction strength, and stage-specific resource availabilities affect population processes and their effects on the dynamics of a size-structured IGP system. I conducted multi-generation experiments in a size-structured IGP system, with the Least Killifish (Heterandria formosa) as IG prey and the Common Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) as IG predator. With no alternative resource next to the shared resource, IG predator and IG prey could not coexist. Weak interactions only increased IG prey and IG predator persistence times and observed exclusion patterns depended on habitat complexity. An alternative resource for either the juvenile IG predator or the juvenile IG prey on the other hand promoted coexistence. However, this coexistence was context-dependent. Ontogenetic bottlenecks played a central role in the dynamics of the size-structured IGP system in general. In the final study I show that an ontogenetic bottleneck can, through changes in stage-specific resource availabilities, be affected in a way that leads to increased trophic transfer efficiency with potential effects on higher trophic levels.Overall, the results emphasize importance of the broader context in which size-structured communities are embedded. Especially, when managing natural communities it is important to account for the combined effects of size-structure, stage-specific resource availabilities, and habitat structure. Specifically, when managing species that connect habitats or ecosystems all life-stages’ environmental conditions must be consider in order to ensure strong predictive power of tools used for ecosystem management planning.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP -- Biologi -- Ekologi (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Biological Sciences -- Ecology (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

mixed interactions
cannibalism
life-history omnivory
ontogenetic niche shift
biomass overcompensation
biomass production
ontogenetic asymmetry
indirect effects
biology
biologi
zooekologi
Animal Ecology

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NATURVETENSKAP: NATURVETENSKAP; och Biologi; och Ekologi

Av lärosätet: Umeå universitet

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