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LIBRIS Formathandbok  (Information om MARC21)
FältnamnIndikatorerMetadata
00006217naa a2200577 4500
001oai:research.chalmers.se:918329bc-82f0-465b-87f5-2c60cb63a959
003SwePub
008240624s2024 | |||||||||||000 ||eng|
0247 a https://research.chalmers.se/publication/5416482 URI
0247 a https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.1080642 DOI
040 a (SwePub)cth
041 a engb eng
042 9 SwePub
072 7a art2 swepub-publicationtype
072 7a ref2 swepub-contenttype
1001 a Pfeffer, M. A.u Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
2451 0a SO 2 emission rates and incorporation into the air pollution dispersion forecast during the 2021 eruption of Fagradalsfjall, Iceland
264 1c 2024
338 a electronic2 rdacarrier
520 a During the low-effusion rate Fagradalsfjall eruption (19 March – 18 September 2021), the emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was frequently measured using ground-based UV spectrometers. The total SO2 emitted during the entire eruption was 970 ± 540 kt, which is only about 6% of the SO2 emitted during the similar length Holuhraun eruption (2014–2015). The eruption was divided into five phases based on visual observations, including the number of active vents and the occurrence of lava fountaining. The SO2 emission rate ranged from 44 ± 19 kg/s in Phase 2 to 85 ± 29 kg/s in Phase 5, with an average of 64 ± 34 kg/s for the entire eruption. There was notable variability in SO2 on short timescales, with measurements on 11 August 2021 ranging from 17 to 78 kg/s. SO2 flux measurements were made using scanning DOAS instruments located at different distances from and orientations relative to the eruption site augmented by traverses. Four hundred and forty-four scan and traverse measurements met quality criteria and were used, along with plume height and meteorological data, to calculate SO2 fluxes while accounting for wind-related uncertainties. A tendency for stronger SO2 flux concurrent with higher amplitude seismic tremor and the occurrence of lava fountaining was observed during Phases 4 and 5 which were characterized by intermittent crater activity including observable effusion of lava and gas release interspersed with long repose times. This tendency was used to refine the calculation of the amount of SO2 emitted during variably vigorous activity. The continuous seismic tremor time series was used to quantify how long during these eruption phases strong/weak activity was exhibited to improve the calculated SO2 flux during these Phases. The total SO2 emissions derived from field measurements align closely with results obtained by combining melt inclusion and groundmass glass analyses with lava effusion rate measurements (910 ± 230 kt SO2). Specifically, utilizing the maximum S content found in evolved melt inclusions and the least remaining S content in accompanying quenched groundmasses provides an identical result between field measurements and the petrological calculations. This suggests that the maximum SO2 release calculated from petrological estimates should be preferentially used to initialize gas dispersion models for basaltic eruptions when other measurements are lacking. During the eruption, the CALPUFF dispersion model was used to forecast ground-level exposure to SO2. The SO2 emission rates measured by DOAS were used as input for the dispersion model, with updates made when a significant change was measured. A detailed analysis of one mid-distance station over the entire eruption shows that the model performed very well at predicting the presence of volcanic SO2 when it was measured. However, it frequently predicted the presence of SO2 that was not measured and the concentrations forecasted had no correlation with the concentrations measured. Various approaches to improve the model forecast were tested, including updating plume height and SO2 flux source terms based on measurements. These approaches did not unambiguously improve the model performance but suggest that improvements might be achieved in more-polluted conditions.
650 7a NATURVETENSKAPx Geovetenskap och miljövetenskapx Multidisciplinär geovetenskap0 (SwePub)105032 hsv//swe
650 7a NATURAL SCIENCESx Earth and Related Environmental Sciencesx Geosciences, Multidisciplinary0 (SwePub)105032 hsv//eng
653 a SO 2
653 a CALPUFF
653 a Volcanic pollution
653 a DOAS
653 a Fagradalsfjall
7001 a Arellano, Santiago,d 1981u Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology4 aut0 (Swepub:cth)arellano
7001 a Barsotti, S.u Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Petersen, Guðrún Nínau Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Barnie, Talfanu Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Ilyinskaya, Evgeniau University of Leeds4 aut
7001 a Hjörvar, Tryggviu Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Bali, E.4 aut
7001 a Pedersen, G. B.M.4 aut
7001 a Guðmundsson, Gunnar B.u Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Vogfjorð, Kristínu Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Ranta, Eemu Johannesu Helsingin Yliopisto,University of Helsinki4 aut
7001 a Óladóttir, Bergrún Arnau Icelandic Meteorological Office4 aut
7001 a Edwards, Brock A.u University of Manitoba,Commission Geologique du Canada4 aut
7001 a Moussallam, Yvesu Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory4 aut
7001 a Stefánsson, Andri4 aut
7001 a Scott, Samuel Warren4 aut
7001 a Smekens, Jean Francoisu Northern Arizona University,University Of Oxford4 aut
7001 a Varnam, Matthewu University of Arizona,University of Manchester4 aut
7001 a Titos, Manuelu Universidad de Granada4 aut
7102 a Icelandic Meteorological Officeb Chalmers tekniska högskola4 org
7730 t Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Researchg 449q 449x 0377-0273
8564 u https://research.chalmers.se/publication/541648/file/541648_Fulltext.pdfx primaryx freey FULLTEXT
8564 8u https://research.chalmers.se/publication/541648
8564 8u https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2024.108064

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