First Sagittarius A * Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
000		14190naa a2201537 4500
001		oai:research.chalmers.se:1287d99a-7408-4676-8d52-89bb415c12da
003		SwePub
008		230112s2022 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
024	7	a https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac66742 DOI
024	7	a https://research.chalmers.se/publication/5341362 URI
040		a (SwePub)cth
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a art2 swepub-publicationtype
072	7	a ref2 swepub-contenttype
100	1	a Akiyama, Kazunoriu National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Harvard University4 aut
245	1 0	a First Sagittarius A * Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole in the Center of the Milky Way
264		c 2022-05-12
264	1	b American Astronomical Society,c 2022
338		a electronic2 rdacarrier
520		a We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A), the Galactic center source associated with a supermassive black hole. These observations were conducted in 2017 using a global interferometric array of eight telescopes operating at a wavelength of λ = 1.3 mm. The EHT data resolve a compact emission region with intrahour variability. A variety of imaging and modeling analyses all support an image that is dominated by a bright, thick ring with a diameter of 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible interval). The ring has modest azimuthal brightness asymmetry and a comparatively dim interior. Using a large suite of numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the EHT images of Sgr A are consistent with the expected appearance of a Kerr black hole with mass ∼4 × 106 M☉, which is inferred to exist at this location based on previous infrared observations of individual stellar orbits, as well as maser proper-motion studies. Our model comparisons disfavor scenarios where the black hole is viewed at high inclination (i > 50°), as well as nonspinning black holes and those with retrograde accretion disks. Our results provide direct evidence for the presence of a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, and for the first time we connect the predictions from dynamical measurements of stellar orbits on scales of 103-105 gravitational radii to event-horizon-scale images and variability. Furthermore, a comparison with the EHT results for the supermassive black hole M87* shows consistency with the predictions of general relativity spanning over three orders of magnitude in central mass.
650	7	a NATURVETENSKAPx Geovetenskap och miljövetenskapx Meteorologi och atmosfärforskning0 (SwePub)105082 hsv//swe
650	7	a NATURAL SCIENCESx Earth and Related Environmental Sciencesx Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences0 (SwePub)105082 hsv//eng
650	7	a NATURVETENSKAPx Fysikx Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi0 (SwePub)103052 hsv//swe
650	7	a NATURAL SCIENCESx Physical Sciencesx Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology0 (SwePub)103052 hsv//eng
650	7	a NATURVETENSKAPx Data- och informationsvetenskapx Datorseende och robotik0 (SwePub)102072 hsv//swe
650	7	a NATURAL SCIENCESx Computer and Information Sciencesx Computer Vision and Robotics0 (SwePub)102072 hsv//eng
700	1	a Alberdi, Antxonu Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)4 aut
700	1	a Alef, Walteru Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Algaba, Juan-Carlosu University of Malaya4 aut
700	1	a Anantua, Richardu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University4 aut
700	1	a Azulay, R.u Universitat de Valencia,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Asada, K.u Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
700	1	a Bach, U.u Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Baczko, A. K.u Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Ball, Davidu University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Baloković, Mislavu Yale University4 aut
700	1	a Barrett, Johnu Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 aut
700	1	a Bauböck, M.u University of Illinois4 aut
700	1	a Benson, Bradford A.u University of Chicago4 aut
700	1	a Bintley, Danu East Asian Observatory4 aut
700	1	a Blackburn, Lindyu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University4 aut
700	1	a Blundell, R.u Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Bouman, K. L.u California Institute of Technology (Caltech)4 aut
700	1	a Bower, G. C.u Academia Sinica Taiwan,University of Hawaii4 aut
700	1	a Boyce, Hopeu McGill University4 aut
700	1	a Bremer, M.u Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)4 aut
700	1	a Brinkerink, C. D.u Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University4 aut
700	1	a Brissenden, Rogeru Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University4 aut
700	1	a Britzen, Silkeu Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Broderick, Avery E.u University of Waterloo,Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics4 aut
700	1	a Broguière, D.u Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)4 aut
700	1	a Bronzwaer, Thomasu Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University4 aut
700	1	a Bustamante, Sandrau University of Massachusetts4 aut
700	1	a Byun, Do Youngu Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute,University of Science and Technology (UST)4 aut
700	1	a Carlstrom, J. E.u University of Chicago4 aut
700	1	a Ceccobello, Chiara,d 1984u Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology4 aut0 (Swepub:cth)chiarac
700	1	a Chael, A.u Princeton University4 aut
700	1	a Chan, Chi Kwanu University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Chatterjee, Koushiku Harvard University,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Chatterjee, S.u Cornell University4 aut
700	1	a Chen, Ming Tangu Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
700	1	a Chen, Yongjunu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences4 aut
700	1	a Cheng, Xiaopengu Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute4 aut
700	1	a Cho, I.u Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)4 aut
700	1	a Christian, Pierreu Fairfield University4 aut
700	1	a Conroy, Nicholas S.u University of Illinois,Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Conway, John,d 1963u Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology4 aut0 (Swepub:cth)jconway
700	1	a Cordes, James M.u Cornell University4 aut
700	1	a Crawford, Thomas M.u University of Chicago4 aut
700	1	a Crew, G.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 aut
700	1	a Cruz-Osorio, Alejandrou Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt4 aut
700	1	a Cui, Yuzhuu The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan4 aut
700	1	a Davelaar, Jordyu Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University,Flatiron Institute,Columbia University in the City of New York4 aut
700	1	a De Laurentis, Mariafeliciau Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare,National Institute for Nuclear Physics,Universita Degli Studi Di Napoli Federico Ii,University of Naples Federico II,Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt4 aut
700	1	a Deane, R. P.u Universiteit van Pretoria,University of Pretoria,Rhodes University,University of Witwatersrand4 aut
700	1	a Dempsey, Jessicau East Asian Observatory,Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)4 aut
700	1	a Desvignes, Gregoryu Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),Observatoire de Paris,Paris Observatory4 aut
700	1	a Dexter, Jasonu University of Colorado at Boulder4 aut
700	1	a Dhruv, Vedantu University of Illinois4 aut
700	1	a Doeleman, S.u Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics,Harvard University4 aut
700	1	a Dougal, Seanu University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Dzib, Sergio A.u Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)4 aut
700	1	a Eatough, Ralph P.u Chinese Academy of Sciences,Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Emami, Raziehu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Falcke, H.D.u Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University4 aut
700	1	a Farah, Joseph R.u Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Inc,University of California4 aut
700	1	a Fish, V.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 aut
700	1	a Fomalont, E.u National Radio Astronomy Observatory4 aut
700	1	a Ford, H. Alysonu University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Fraga-Encinas, R.u Radboud Universiteit,Radboud University4 aut
700	1	a Freeman, William T.u Google Inc.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 aut
700	1	a Friberg, P.u East Asian Observatory4 aut
700	1	a Fromm, Christian M.u Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG),Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt,Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg,University of Würzburg4 aut
700	1	a Fuentes, Antoniou Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)4 aut
700	1	a Galison, Peteru Harvard University4 aut
700	1	a Gammie, Charles F.u University of Illinois4 aut
700	1	a Gentaz, Olivieru Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)4 aut
700	1	a Georgiev, Borisu Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics,University of Waterloo4 aut
700	1	a Garcia, Robertou Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)4 aut
700	1	a Goddi, C.u Universita degli Studi di Cagliari,University of Cagliari,Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)4 aut
700	1	a Gold, R.u Syddansk Universitet,University of Southern Denmark,Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main,Goethe University Frankfurt4 aut
700	1	a Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.u Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico,National Council for Science and Technology Mexico,Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica (INAOE),National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE)4 aut
700	1	a Gomez, J. L.u Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA),Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)4 aut
700	1	a Gu, Minfengu Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences4 aut
700	1	a Gurwell, M.u Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Hada, K.u The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI),National Astronomical Observatory of Japan4 aut
700	1	a Haggard, Darylu McGill University4 aut
700	1	a Haworth, Kariu Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a Hecht, Michael H.u Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 aut
700	1	a Hesper, R.u Rijksuniversiteit Groningen,University of Groningen4 aut
700	1	a Heumann, Dirku University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Ho, Luis C.u Beijing University of Technology4 aut
700	1	a Ho, P. T. P.u East Asian Observatory,Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
700	1	a Honma, M.u University of Tokyo, Japan,National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)4 aut
700	1	a Huang, Chih Wei L.u Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
700	1	a Huang, Leiu Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences4 aut
700	1	a Hughes, D.u Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica (INAOE),National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics (INAOE)4 aut
700	1	a Ikeda, Shirou University of Tokyo, Japan,The Institute of Statistical Mathematics (ISM),National Astronomical Observatory of Japan,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)4 aut
700	1	a Impellizzeri, C. M. V.u Universiteit Leiden (UL),Leiden University (UL),National Radio Astronomy Observatory4 aut
700	1	a Inoue, Makotou Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
700	1	a Issaoun, S.u Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics4 aut
700	1	a James, David J.4 aut
700	1	a Jannuzi, Buell T.u University of Arizona4 aut
700	1	a Janssen, Michaelu Max Planck Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. (MPG),Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science (MPG)4 aut
700	1	a Jeter, Brittonu Academia Sinica Taiwan4 aut
710	2	a National Astronomical Observatory of Japanb Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)4 org
773	0	t Astrophysical Journal Lettersd : American Astronomical Societyg 930:2q 930:2x 2041-8213x 2041-8205
856	4	u https://research.chalmers.se/publication/534136/file/534136_Fulltext.pdfx primaryx freey FULLTEXT
856	4 8	u https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6674
856	4 8	u https://research.chalmers.se/publication/534136

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