Losses of Ammonia and Nitrate from Agriculture and Their Effect on Nitrogen Recovery in the European Union and the United States between 1900 and 2050

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Fältnamn	Indikatorer	Metadata
000		03799naa a2200373 4500
001		oai:DiVA.org:su-116642
003		SwePub
008		150422s2015 \| \|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|\|000 \|\|eng\|
024	7	a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1166422 URI
024	7	a https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.03.01022 DOI
040		a (SwePub)su
041		a engb eng
042		9 SwePub
072	7	a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072	7	a art2 swepub-publicationtype
100	1	a van Grinsven, Hans J. M.4 aut
245	1 0	a Losses of Ammonia and Nitrate from Agriculture and Their Effect on Nitrogen Recovery in the European Union and the United States between 1900 and 2050
264		c 2015-03-01
264	1	b Wiley,c 2015
338		a print2 rdacarrier
500		a AuthorCount:6;
520		a Historical trends and levels of nitrogen (N) budgets and emissions to air and water in the European Union and the United States are markedly different. Agro-environmental policy approaches also differ, with emphasis on voluntary or incentive-based schemes in the United States versus a more regulatory approach in the European Union. This paper explores the implications of these differences for attaining long-term policy targets for air and water quality. Nutrient surplus problems were more severe in the European Union than in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. The EU Nitrates and National Emission Ceilings directives contributed to decreases in fertilizer use, N surplus, and ammonia (NH3) emissions, whereas in the United States they stabilized, although NH3 emissions are still increasing. These differences were analyzed using statistical data for 1900-2005 and the global IMAGE model. IMAGE could reproduce NH3 emissions and soil N surpluses at different scales (European Union and United States, country and state) and N loads in the Rhine and Mississippi. The regulation-driven changes during the past 25 yr in the European Union have reduced public concerns and have brought agricultural N loads to the aquatic environment closer to US levels. Despite differences in agro-environmental policies and agricultural structure (more N-fixing soybean and more spatially separated feed and livestock production in the United States than in the European Union), current N use efficiency in US and EU crop production is similar. IMAGE projections for the IAASTD-baseline scenario indicate that N loading to the environment in 2050 will be similar to current levels. In the United States, environmental N loads will remain substantially smaller than in the European Union, whereas agricultural production in 2050 in the United States will increase by 30% relative to 2005, as compared with an increase of 8% in the European Union. However, in the United States, even rigorous mitigation with maximum recycling of manure N and a 25% reduction in fertilizer use will not achieve the policy target to halve the N export to the Gulf of Mexico.
650	7	a NATURVETENSKAPx Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap0 (SwePub)1052 hsv//swe
650	7	a NATURAL SCIENCESx Earth and Related Environmental Sciences0 (SwePub)1052 hsv//eng
700	1	a Bouwman, Lex4 aut
700	1	a Cassman, Kenneth G.4 aut
700	1	a van Es, Harold M.4 aut
700	1	a McCrackin, Michelle L.u Stockholms universitet,Stockholms universitets Östersjöcentrum4 aut0 (Swepub:su)mmccr
700	1	a Beusen, Arthur H. W.4 aut
710	2	a Stockholms universitetb Stockholms universitets Östersjöcentrum4 org
773	0	t Journal of Environmental Qualityd : Wileyg 44:2, s. 356-367q 44:2<356-367x 0047-2425x 1537-2537
856	4	u https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.03.0102y Fulltext
856	4 8	u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116642
856	4 8	u https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2014.03.0102

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