Gene expression changes as predictors of the immune-modulatory effects of probiotics: Towards a better understanding of strain-disease specific interactions

• Probiotic bacteria in clinical use grant a health benefit to humans when administered in adequate amount, frequency, and period. The majority of research into probiotics focuses on the usage of probiotics in the prevention and/or treatment of digestive diseases or other diseases related to an aberrant microbiota or inflamed mucosa. Hence, translational research often excludes the underlying multifaceted mechanisms of action of these supplements. This mini-review endeavours to summarize the mechanisms of action related to changes in gene expression, with a focus on studies published from 2015 to 2018. Alteration of gene expression has been described in the justification of the use of probiotics for certain diseases such as irritable bowel disease. The review centers on in vivo studies considering inflammation-related genes and pathways in gastrointestinal tissue and blood, and in vitro studies mainly from human intestinal epithelial cells but also immune cells. Probiotics are prospectively anti-inflammatory therapies in diseases with an impaired gut mucosa. Translational research will aim to target changes in genes expression that are strain- and disease-specific.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Medicinsk genetik (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Medical Genetics (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Mikrobiologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Microbiology in the medical area (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Immunologi inom det medicinska området (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Immunology in the medical area (hsv//eng)

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