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| Fältnamn | Indikatorer | Metadata |
|---|---|---|
| 000 | 02639naa a2200337 4500 | |
| 001 | oai:DiVA.org:su-191780 | |
| 003 | SwePub | |
| 008 | 210427s2021 | |||||||||||000 ||eng| | |
| 024 | 7 | a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-1917802 URI |
| 024 | 7 | a https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.02465882 DOI |
| 040 | a (SwePub)su | |
| 041 | a engb eng | |
| 042 | 9 SwePub | |
| 072 | 7 | a ref2 swepub-contenttype |
| 072 | 7 | a art2 swepub-publicationtype |
| 100 | 1 | a McNamara, John M.4 aut |
| 245 | 1 0 | a Learning, exploitation and bias in games |
| 264 | c 2021-02-05 | |
| 264 | 1 | b Public Library of Science (PLoS),c 2021 |
| 338 | a print2 rdacarrier | |
| 520 | a We focus on learning during development in a group of individuals that play a competitive game with each other. The game has two actions and there is negative frequency dependence. We define the distribution of actions by group members to be an equilibrium configuration if no individual can improve its payoff by unilaterally changing its action. We show that at this equilibrium, one action is preferred in the sense that those taking the preferred action have a higher payoff than those taking the other, more prosocial, action. We explore the consequences of a simple ‘unbiased’ reinforcement learning rule during development, showing that groups reach an approximate equilibrium distribution, so that some achieve a higher payoff than others. Because there is learning, an individual’s behaviour can influence the future behaviour of others. We show that, as a consequence, there is the potential for an individual to exploit others by influencing them to be the ones to take the non-preferred action. Using an evolutionary simulation, we show that population members can avoid being exploited by over-valuing rewards obtained from the preferred option during learning, an example of a bias that is ‘rational’. | |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURVETENSKAPx Biologi0 (SwePub)1062 hsv//swe |
| 650 | 7 | a NATURAL SCIENCESx Biological Sciences0 (SwePub)1062 hsv//eng |
| 700 | 1 | a Houston, Alasdair4 aut |
| 700 | 1 | a Leimar, Olofu Stockholms universitet,Zoologiska institutionen4 aut0 (Swepub:su)leima |
| 710 | 2 | a Stockholms universitetb Zoologiska institutionen4 org |
| 773 | 0 | t PLOS ONEd : Public Library of Science (PLoS)g 16:2q 16:2x 1932-6203 |
| 856 | 4 | u https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246588y Fulltext |
| 856 | 4 | u https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0246588&type=printable |
| 856 | 4 8 | u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-191780 |
| 856 | 4 8 | u https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246588 |
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