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Depression, anxiety...
Depression, anxiety and stress among Swedish university students before and during six months of the COVID-19 pandemic : A cohort study
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- Johansson, Fred (author)
- Karolinska Institutet,Sophiahemmet Högskola
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Côté, Pierre (author)
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Hogg-Johnson, Sheilah (author)
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- Rudman, Ann (author)
- Högskolan Dalarna,Karolinska Institutet,Omvårdnad,Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
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Holm, Lena W (author)
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Grotle, Margreth (author)
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- Jensen, Irene (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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- Sundberg, Tobias (author)
- Sophiahemmet Högskola
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- Edlund, Klara (author)
- Karolinska Institutet,Sophiahemmet Högskola
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- Skillgate, Eva, 1963- (author)
- Karolinska Institutet,Sophiahemmet Högskola
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-05-26
- 2021
- English.
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1403-4948 .- 1651-1905. ; 49:7, s. 741-749
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Abstract
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- AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on societies and citizens worldwide, raising concerns about potential mental health impacts. We aimed to describe trajectories of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak compared to before the outbreak, and to determine if trajectories were modified by pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality and mental health problems.METHODS: We conducted a cohort study with 1836 Swedish university students entering the study before 13 March 2020, the onset of the pandemic, with follow-ups within three (FU1) and six months (FU2) of the outbreak. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate mean differences in symptom levels over time-periods, and to estimate potential effect modifications.RESULTS: We found small differences in mean levels of the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) over time. Compared to before the pandemic, depression increased by 0.25 points of 21 (95% CI: 0.04 to -0.45) at FU1 and decreased by 0.75/21 (95% CI:-0.97 to -0.53) at FU2. Anxiety decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.09/21 (95% CI: -0.24 to -0.07) and by 0.77/21 (95% CI: -0.93 to -0.61) to FU2. Stress decreased from baseline to FU1 by 0.30/21 (95% CI: -0.52 to -0.09) and by 1.32/21 (95% CI: -1.55 to -1.09) to FU2. Students with pre-pandemic loneliness, poor sleep quality or pre-pandemic mental health problems did not have worse trajectories of mean mental health symptoms.CONCLUSIONS: Symptom levels were relatively stable during the first three months of the pandemic, while there was a slight decrease during the summer months, probably due to seasonality effects.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- COVID-19
- Depression
- Sweden
- Anxiety
- Coronavirus
- Mental health
- Stress
- Students
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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- By the author/editor
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Johansson, Fred
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Côté, Pierre
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Hogg-Johnson, Sh ...
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Rudman, Ann
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Holm, Lena W
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Grotle, Margreth
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Jensen, Irene
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Sundberg, Tobias
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Edlund, Klara
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Skillgate, Eva, ...
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- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Health Sciences
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and Public Health Gl ...
- Articles in the publication
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Scandinavian Jou ...
- By the university
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Sophiahemmet University College
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Karolinska Institutet
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Högskolan Dalarna