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LIBRIS Formathandbok  (Information om MARC21)
FältnamnIndikatorerMetadata
00004697naa a2200385 4500
001oai:DiVA.org:liu-103167
003SwePub
008140114s2010 | |||||||||||000 ||eng|
009oai:prod.swepub.kib.ki.se:125361993
024a https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1031672 URI
024a https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8166-3-42 DOI
024a http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:1253619932 URI
040 a (SwePub)liud (SwePub)ki
041 a engb eng
042 9 SwePub
072 7a ref2 swepub-contenttype
072 7a art2 swepub-publicationtype
100a Hulten, Maj A.u Karolinska Institutet,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK4 aut
2451 0a On the paternal origin of trisomy 21 Down syndrome
264 1a London, UK :b BioMed Central (BMC),c 2010
338 a electronic2 rdacarrier
520 a Background: Down syndrome (DS), characterized by an extra free chromosome 21 is the most common genetic cause for congenital malformations and learning disability. It is well known that the extra chromosome 21 originates from the mother in more than 90% of cases, the incidence increases with maternal age and there is a high recurrence in young women. In a previous report we have presented data to indicate that maternal trisomy 21 (T21) ovarian mosaicism might provide the major causative factor underlying these patterns of DS inheritance. One important outstanding question concerns the reason why the extra chromosome 21 in DS rarely originates from the father, i.e. in less than 10% of T21 DS cases. We here report data indicating that one reason for this parental sex difference is a very much lower degree of fetal testicular in comparison to ovarian T21 mosaicism. Results: We used fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with two chromosome 21-specific probes to determine the copy number of chromosome 21 in fetal testicular cell nuclei from four male fetuses, following termination of pregnancy for a non-medical/social reason at gestational age 14-19 weeks. The cells studied were selected on the basis of their morphology alone, pending immunological specification of the relevant cell types. We could not detect any indication of testicular T21 mosaicism in any of these four male fetuses, when analysing at least 2000 cells per case (range 2038-3971, total 11.842). This result is highly statistically significant (p < 0.001) in comparison to the average of 0.54% ovarian T21 mosaicism (range 0.20-0.88%) that we identified in eight female fetuses analysing a total of 12.634 cells, as documented in a previous report in this journal. Conclusion: Based on these observations we suggest that there is a significant sex difference in degrees of fetal germ line T21 mosaicism. Thus, it would appear that most female fetuses are T21 ovarian mosaics, while in sharp contrast most male fetuses may be either very low grade T21 testicular mosaics or they may be non-mosaics. We further propose that this sex difference in germ line T21 mosaicism may explain the much less frequent paternal origin of T21 DS than maternal. The mechanisms underlying the DS cases, where the extra chromosome 21 does originate from the father, remains unknown and further studies in this respect are required.
700a Patel, Suketu D.u Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, UK4 aut
700a Westgren, Magnusu Karolinska Institutet,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden4 aut
700a Papadogiannakis, Nikosu Karolinska Institutet,Department of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden4 aut
700a Jonsson, Anna Mariau Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden4 aut
700a Jonasson, Jonu Östergötlands Läns Landsting,Linköpings universitet,Molekylär och immunologisk patologi,Hälsouniversitetet,Klinisk patologi och klinisk genetik4 aut0 (Swepub:liu)jonjo59
700a Iwarsson, Eriku Karolinska Institutet,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden4 aut
710a Karolinska Institutetb Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, UK4 org
773t Molecular Cytogeneticsd London, UK : BioMed Central (BMC)g 3, s. 4-q 3<4-x 1755-8166
856u https://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:687389/FULLTEXT01.pdfx primaryx Raw objecty fulltext:print
856u https://molecularcytogenetics.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1755-8166-3-4
8564 8u https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103167
8564 8u https://doi.org/10.1186/1755-8166-3-4
8564 8u http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:125361993

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