The Origin of Tree-Ring Reconstructed Summer Cooling in Northern Europe During the 18th Century Eruption of Laki

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The Origin of Tree-Ring Reconstructed Summer Cooling in Northern Europe During the 18th Century Eruption of Laki

Edwards, J. (author)

Anchukaitis, K. J. (author)

Gunnarson, Björn E., 1967- (author): Stockholms universitet,Institutionen för naturgeografi

Pearson, C. (author)

Seftigen, Kristina, 1985 (author): Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,Department of Earth Sciences

von Arx, G. (author)

Linderholm, Hans W., 1968 (author): Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,Department of Earth Sciences

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2022
2022
English.
In: Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. - 2572-4517 .- 2572-4525. ; 37:2

Related links:: https://gup.ub.gu.se...; show more...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; show less...

Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

Basaltic fissure eruptions, which are characteristic of Icelandic volcanism, are extremely hazardous due to the large quantities of gases and aerosols they release into the atmosphere. The 1783–1784 CE Laki eruption was one of the most significant high-latitude eruptions in the last millennium and had substantial environmental and climatic impacts. Contemporary observations recorded the presence of a sulfuric haze over Iceland and Europe, which caused famine from vegetation damage and resulted in a high occurrence of respiratory illnesses and related mortality. Historical records in northern Europe show that the summer of 1783 was anomalously warm, but regional tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) data from that year are low and lead to erroneously colder reconstructed summer temperatures. Here, we measure wood anatomical characteristics of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from Jämtland, Sweden in order to identify the cause of this discrepancy. We show that the presence of intraannual density fluctuations in the majority of 1783 growth rings, a sudden reduction in lumen and cell wall area, and the measurement resolution of traditional X-ray densitometry led to the observed reduced annual MXD value. Multiple independent lines of evidence suggest these anatomical anomalies were most likely the result of direct acidic damage to trees in Northern Europe and that the normal relationship between summer temperature and MXD can be disrupted by this damage. Our study also demonstrates that quantitative wood anatomy offers a high-resolution approach to identifying anomalous years and extreme events in the tree-ring record. © 2022. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Subject headings

NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap (hsv//swe)
NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences (hsv//eng)

Keyword

anatomy
famine
fissure
pine
vegetation dynamics
X-ray diffraction
Europe
Iceland
Laki
Northern Europe
Sweden

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)
art (subject category)

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NATURAL SCIENCES: NATURAL SCIENCES; and Earth and Relate ...

Articles in the publication: Paleoceanography ...

By the university: University of Gothenburg; Stockholm University

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