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Soccer Referees' Ex...
Soccer Referees' Experience of Threat and Aggression : Effects of Age, Experience, and Life Orientation on Outcome of Coping Strategy
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- Folkesson, Per, 1946- (author)
- Karlstads universitet,Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap,Psykologi
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- Nyberg, Claes (author)
- Karlstads universitet
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- Archer, Trevor (author)
- Department of Psychology, Göteborg University
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- Norlander, Torsten (author)
- Karlstads universitet,Institutionen för samhällsvetenskap
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2002-07-09
- 2002
- English.
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In: Aggressive Behavior. - Malden, MA : John Wiley & Sons. - 0096-140X .- 1098-2337. ; 28:4, s. 317-327
- Related links:
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- The present study examined the circumstances pertaining to threat and aggression during soccer matches as experienced by 107 provincial Soccer Association referees. Three sources of aggression were identified—soccer players, coaches/trainers, and spectators—and the main measures included threat and physical and verbal aggression. Several outcomes, including prematch worry and effects on concentration, performance, and motivation, were affected by the incidence of threat and aggression, and these outcomes were found to be affected by the age, degree of experience, and life orientation of the referees. Younger referees were shown to be the most prone to threat and aggression. Referees with a generally pessimistic orientation experienced less motivation, worse performance, and greater problems coping with aggressive behavior from the spectators compared with referees with a generally optimistic orientation.
Subject headings
- SAMHÄLLSVETENSKAP -- Psykologi (hsv//swe)
- SOCIAL SCIENCES -- Psychology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- aggression; dispositional optimism; masculinity; referees; soccer
- Psykologi
- Psychology
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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