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Estimating the Risk...
Estimating the Risks of Breast Cancer Radiotherapy : Evidence From Modern Radiation Doses to the Lungs and Heart and From Previous Randomized Trials
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Taylor, Carolyn (author)
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Correa, Candace (author)
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Duane, Frances K (author)
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show more...
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Aznar, Marianne C (author)
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Anderson, Stewart J (author)
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- Bergh, Jonas (author)
- Karolinska Institutet
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Dodwell, David (author)
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Ewertz, Marianne (author)
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Gray, Richard (author)
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Jagsi, Reshma (author)
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Pierce, Lori (author)
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Pritchard, Kathleen I (author)
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Swain, Sandra (author)
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Wang, Zhe (author)
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Wang, Yaochen (author)
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Whelan, Tim (author)
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Peto, Richard (author)
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McGale, Paul (author)
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- Malmström, Per (creator_code:cre_t)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Tumörmikromiljö,Sektion I,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Bröstcancer-genetik,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Tumor microenvironment,Section I,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Breastcancer-genetics,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund
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(creator_code:org_t)
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- 2017
- 2017
- English.
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In: Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. - 0732-183X .- 1527-7755. ; 35:15, s. 1641-1649
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Abstract
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- Purpose Radiotherapy reduces the absolute risk of breast cancer mortality by a few percentage points in suitable women but can cause a second cancer or heart disease decades later. We estimated the absolute long-term risks of modern breast cancer radiotherapy. Methods First, a systematic literature review was performed of lung and heart doses in breast cancer regimens published during 2010 to 2015. Second, individual patient data meta-analyses of 40,781 women randomly assigned to breast cancer radiotherapy versus no radiotherapy in 75 trials yielded rate ratios (RRs) for second primary cancers and cause-specific mortality and excess RRs (ERRs) per Gy for incident lung cancer and cardiac mortality. Smoking status was unavailable. Third, the lung or heart ERRs per Gy in the trials and the 2010 to 2015 doses were combined and applied to current smoker and nonsmoker lung cancer and cardiac mortality rates in population-based data. Results Average doses from 647 regimens published during 2010 to 2015 were 5.7 Gy for whole lung and 4.4 Gy for whole heart. The median year of irradiation was 2010 (interquartile range [IQR], 2008 to 2011). Meta-analyses yielded lung cancer incidence ≥ 10 years after radiotherapy RR of 2.10 (95% CI, 1.48 to 2.98; P < .001) on the basis of 134 cancers, indicating 0.11 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.20) ERR per Gy whole-lung dose. For cardiac mortality, RR was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.46; P < .001) on the basis of 1,253 cardiac deaths. Detailed analyses indicated 0.04 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.06) ERR per Gy whole-heart dose. Estimated absolute risks from modern radiotherapy were as follows: lung cancer, approximately 4% for long-term continuing smokers and 0.3% for nonsmokers; and cardiac mortality, approximately 1% for smokers and 0.3% for nonsmokers. Conclusion For long-term smokers, the absolute risks of modern radiotherapy may outweigh the benefits, yet for most nonsmokers (and ex-smokers), the benefits of radiotherapy far outweigh the risks. Hence, smoking can determine the net effect of radiotherapy on mortality, but smoking cessation substantially reduces radiotherapy risk.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Cancer och onkologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Cancer and Oncology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Female
- Heart/radiation effects
- Heart Diseases/etiology
- Humans
- Lung/radiation effects
- Lung Neoplasms/etiology
- Meta-Analysis as Topic
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/etiology
- Radiation Injuries/etiology
- Radiotherapy/adverse effects
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
- Risk Assessment
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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To the university's database
- By the author/editor
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Taylor, Carolyn
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Correa, Candace
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Duane, Frances K
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Aznar, Marianne ...
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Anderson, Stewar ...
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Bergh, Jonas
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show more...
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Dodwell, David
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Ewertz, Marianne
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Gray, Richard
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Jagsi, Reshma
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Pierce, Lori
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Pritchard, Kathl ...
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Swain, Sandra
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Wang, Zhe
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Wang, Yaochen
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Whelan, Tim
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Peto, Richard
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McGale, Paul
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Malmström, Per
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show less...
- About the subject
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Clinical Medicin ...
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and Cancer and Oncol ...
- Articles in the publication
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Journal of clini ...
- By the university
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Lund University
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Karolinska Institutet