Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with HESS

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Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with HESS

Abdalla, H. (author): North-West University, South Africa,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Abramowski, A. (author): University of Hamburg, Germany,Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia,Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.,Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.,Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.,Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.,North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.,Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.,DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.,Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.,PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.,Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Aharonian, F. (author): Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany ; Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Ireland ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia

Benkhali, F. Ait (author): Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Germany

Akhperjanian, A. G. (author): Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia ; National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Armenia,DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Andersson, Tom (author): Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE)

Angüner, E. O. (author): Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland

Arakawa, M. (author): Rikkyo University, Japan

Arrieta, M. (author): Paris Diderot University, France

Aubert, P. (author): University of Savoy, France

Backes, M. (author): Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Balzer, A. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Barnard, M. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Becherini, Yvonne (author): Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE)

Tjus, J. Becker (author): Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Berge, D. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Bernhard, S. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Bernloehr, K. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Blackwell, R. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.,Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Boettcher, M. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Boisson, C. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.,Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.

Bolmont, J. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Bonnefoy, S. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Bordas, P. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Bregeon, J. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

Brun, F. (author): Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.

Brun, P. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Bryan, M. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Buechele, M. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Bulik, T. (author): Univ Warsaw, Astron Observ, Al Ujazdowskie 4, PL-00478 Warsaw, Poland.

Capasso, M. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.,Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Carr, J. (author): Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France.

Casanova, S. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.,Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Cerruti, M. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Chakraborty, N. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Chaves, R. C. G. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.,Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Chen, A. (author): Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Chevalier, J. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Coffaro, M. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Colafrancesco, S. (author): Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Cologna, G. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Condon, B. (author): Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.

Conrad, Jan M. (author): Stockholms universitet,Fysikum,Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC),Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Cui, Y. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Davids, I. D. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.;Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Decock, J. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Degrange, B. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Deil, C. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Devin, J. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

deWilt, P. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Dirson, L. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Djannati-Atai, A. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Domainko, W. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Donath, A. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Drury, L. O 'C. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

Dutson, K. (author): Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.,Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.,Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.,Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Dyks, J. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Edwards, T. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Egberts, K. (author): Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Eger, P. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Ernenwein, J. -P (author)

Eschbach, S. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Farnier, Christian (author): Stockholms universitet,Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE),Stockholm University, Sweden,Fysikum,Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC),Linnaeus University, Sweden

Fegan, S. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.,North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Fernandes, M. V. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Fiasson, A. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Fontaine, G. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Foerster, A. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Funk, S. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Fuessling, M. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Gabici, S. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.,Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Gallant, Y. A. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

Garrigoux, T. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Giavitto, G. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.,Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.,Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.,Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

Giebels, B. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Glicenstein, J. F. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.,Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Gottschall, D. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Goyal, A. (author): Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.

Grondin, M. -H (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.,Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Hahn, J. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Haupt, M. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Hawkes, J. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Heinzelmann, G. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Henri, G. (author): Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Hermann, G. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Hinton, J. A. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Hofmann, W. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Hoischen, C. (author): Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Holch, T. L. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.,Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.,Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Holler, M. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Horns, D. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Ivascenko, A. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Iwasaki, H. (author): Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.

Jacholkowska, A. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Jamrozy, M. (author): Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.,Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Janiak, M. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Jankowsky, D. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Jankowsky, F. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Jingo, M. (author): Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Jogler, T. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Jouvin, L. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.,Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Jung-Richardt, I. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Kastendieck, M. A. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Katarzynski, K. (author): Nicolaus Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Ctr Astron, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.,DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Katsuragawa, M. (author): Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.

Katz, U. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Kerszberg, D. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Khangulyan, D. (author): Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.

Khelifi, B. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

King, J. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Klepser, S. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Klochkov, D. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Kluzniak, W. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Kolitzus, D. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Komin, Nu. (author): Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Kosack, K. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Krakau, S. (author): Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

Kraus, M. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Krueger, P. P. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Laffon, H. (author): Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.

Lamanna, G. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Lau, J. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Lees, J. -P (author)

Lefaucheur, J. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Lefranc, V. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Lemiere, A. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Lemoine-Goumard, M. (author): Univ Bordeaux, CNRS, IN2P3, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, F-33175 Gradignan, France.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Lenain, J. -P (author)

Leser, E. (author): Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Lohse, T. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

Lorentz, M. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Liu, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Lopez-Coto, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Lypova, I. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Marandon, V. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Marcowith, A. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.,CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Mariaud, C. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Wagner, Robert M. (author): Stockholms universitet,Fysikum,Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC),Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.,Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Maurin, G. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Maxted, N. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.;Univ New South Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Mayer, M. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.,Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.,Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.,North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Meintjes, P. J. (author): Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Meyer, M. (author): Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

Mitchell, A. M. W. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Moderski, R. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Mohamed, M. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Mohrmann, L. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Morå, Knut (author): Stockholms universitet,Fysikum,Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC)

Moulin, E. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Murach, T. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Nakashima, S. (author): Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.,Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

de Naurois, M. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Niederwanger, F. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Niemiec, J. (author): PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.

Oakes, L. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

O'Brien, P. (author): Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England.

Odaka, H. (author): Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.

Ohm, S. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Ostrowski, M. (author): Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.

Oya, I. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Padovani, M. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

Panter, M. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Parsons, R. D. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Pekeur, N. W. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.,Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.,Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Pelletier, G. (author): Univ Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.;CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

Perennes, C. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Petrucci, P. -O (author)

Peyaud, B. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Piel, Q. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Pita, S. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Poon, H. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Prokhorov, Dmitry (author): Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE)

Prokoph, H. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.;Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Puehlhofer, G. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Punch, Michael (author): Linnéuniversitetet,Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE),Univ Paris Diderot, France

Quirrenbach, A. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Raab, S. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.,Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Rauth, R. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.,Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Reimer, A. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Reimer, O. (author): Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Renaud, M. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

de los Reyes, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Richter, S. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Rieger, F. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.;Heidelberg Univ, ITA, DFG, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Romoli, C. (author): Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Rowell, G. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Rudak, B. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Rulten, C. B. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Sahakian, V. (author): Natl Acad Sci Republ Armenia, Marshall Baghramian Ave 24, Yerevan 0019, Armenia.;Yerevan Phys Inst, 2 Alikhanian Bros St, Yerevan 375036, Armenia.

Saito, S. (author): Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.,Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Salek, D. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Inst High Energy Phys, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Sanchez, D. A. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Santangelo, A. (author): Univ Tubingen, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Sand 1, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany.

Sasaki, M. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Schlickeiser, R. (author): Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Theoret Phys, Lehrstuhl Weltraum & Astrophys 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.

Schuessler, F. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Schulz, A. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Schwanke, U. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

Schwemmer, S. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Seglar-Arroyo, M. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Settimo, M. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Seyffert, A. S. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Shafi, N. (author): Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Phys, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, ZA-2050 Johannesburg, South Africa.

Shilon, I. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Simoni, R. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Sol, H. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Spanier, F. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Spengler, Gerrit (author): Stockholms universitet,Fysikum,Oskar Klein-centrum för kosmopartikelfysik (OKC)

Spies, F. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Stawarz, L. (author): Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.

Steenkamp, R. (author): Univ Namibia, Dept Phys, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia.

Stegmann, C. (author): Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, Karl Liebknecht Str 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.;DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Stycz, K. (author): DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany.

Sushch, I. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Takahashi, T. (author): Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, ISAS, Chuo Ku, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2298510, Japan.,Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Tavernet, J. -P (author)

Tavernier, T. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Taylor, A. M. (author): Dublin Inst Adv Studies, 31 Fitzwilliam Pl, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Terrier, R. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, IN2P3, CEA Irfu,Observ Paris,Sorbonne Paris Cite,APC,Ast, 10 Rue Alice Domon & Leonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris 13, France.

Tibaldo, L. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Tiziani, D. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Tluczykont, M. (author): Univ Hamburg, Inst Expt Phys, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.

Trichard, C. (author): Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IN2P3, CPPM UMR 7346, F-13288 Marseille, France.

Tsuji, N. (author): Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Tuffs, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Uchiyama, Y. (author): Rikkyo Univ, Dept Phys, Toshima Ku, 3-34-1 Nishi Ikebukuro, Tokyo 1718501, Japan.

van der Walt, D. J. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

van Eldik, C. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

van Rensburg, C. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

van Soelen, B. (author): Univ Free State, Dept Phys, POB 339, ZA-9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Vasileiadis, G. (author): Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Univers & Particules Montpellier, CC 72,Pl Eugene Bataillon, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France.

Veh, J. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Venters, C. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Viana, A. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Vincent, P. (author): UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS,Sorbonne Paris Cite,LPNHE, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France.

Vink, J. (author): Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Voisin, F. (author): Univ Adelaide, Sch Phys Sci, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.

Voelk, H. J. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Vuillaume, T. (author): Univ Savoie Mt t Blanc, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Annecy Le Vieux Phys Particules, F-74941 Annecy Le Vieux, France.

Wadiasingh, Z. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Wagner, S. J. (author): Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Wagner, P. (author): Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, Newtonstr 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.

Wagner, R. M. (author): Stockholm Univ, Albanova Univ Ctr, Oskar Klein Ctr, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.

White, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Wierzcholska, A. (author): PAN, Inst Fizyki Jadrowej, Ul Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.

Willmann, P. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Woernlein, A. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Wouters, D. (author): CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France.

Yang, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Zaborov, D. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Zacharias, M. (author): North West Univ, Ctr Space Res, ZA-2520 Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Zanin, R. (author): Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany.

Zdziarski, A. A. (author): Polish Acad Sci, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland.

Zech, A. (author): Univ Paris Diderot, PSL Res Univ, CNRS, Observ Paris,LUTH, 5 Pl Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France.

Zefi, F. (author): Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France.

Ziegler, A. (author): Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen Ctr Astroparticle Phys, Erwin Rommel Str 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.

Zywucka, N. (author): Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, Obserwatorium Astron, Ul Orla 171, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland.

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North-West University, South Africa Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany (creator_code:org_t)

2018-04-09
2018
English.
In: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 612

Related links:: https://www.aanda.or...; show more...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; https://doi.org/10.1...; https://urn.kb.se/re...; show less...

Journal article (peer-reviewed)

Abstract Subject headings

The diffuse very high-energy (VHE; > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission observed in the central 200 pc of the Milky Way by H.E.S.S. was found to follow dense matter distribution in the central molecular zone (CMZ) up to a longitudinal distance of about 130 pc to the Galactic centre (GC), where the flux rapidly decreases. This was initially interpreted as the result of a burst-like injection of energetic particles 104 yr ago, but a recent more sensitive H.E.S.S. analysis revealed that the cosmic-ray (CR) density profile drops with the distance to the centre, making data compatible with a steady cosmic PeVatron at the GC. In this paper, we extend this analysis to obtain, for the first time, a detailed characterisation of the correlation with matter and to search for additional features and individual gamma-ray sources in the inner 200 pc. Taking advantage of 250 h of H.E.S.S. data and improved analysis techniques, we perform a detailed morphology study of the diffuse VHE emission observed from the GC ridge and reconstruct its total spectrum. To test the various contributions to the total gamma-ray emission, we used an iterative 2D maximum-likelihood approach that allows us to build a phenomenological model of the emission by summing a number of different spatial components. We show that the emission correlated with dense matter covers the full CMZ and that its flux is about half the total diffuse emission flux. We also detect some emission at higher latitude that is likely produced by hadronic collisions of CRs in less dense regions of the GC interstellar medium. We detect an additional emission component centred on the GC and extending over about 15 pc that is consistent with the existence of a strong CR density gradient and confirms the presence of a CR accelerator at the very centre of our Galaxy. We show that the spectrum of full ridge diffuse emission is compatible with that previously derived from the central regions, suggesting that a single population of particles fills the entire CMZ. Finally, we report the discovery of a VHE gamma-ray source near the GC radio arc and argue that it is produced by the pulsar wind nebula candidate G0.13-0.11.

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By the author/editor: Abdalla, H.; Abramowski, A.; Aharonian, F.; Benkhali, F. Ait; Akhperjanian, A. ...; Andersson, Tom; show more...; Angüner, E. O.; Arakawa, M.; Arrieta, M.; Aubert, P.; Backes, M.; Balzer, A.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Yvonn ...; Tjus, J. Becker; Berge, D.; Bernhard, S.; Bernloehr, K.; Blackwell, R.; Boettcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bonnefoy, S.; Bordas, P.; Bregeon, J.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bryan, M.; Buechele, M.; Bulik, T.; Capasso, M.; Carr, J.; Casanova, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chakraborty, N.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Chen, A.; Chevalier, J.; Coffaro, M.; Colafrancesco, S ...; Cologna, G.; Condon, B.; Conrad, Jan M.; Cui, Y.; Davids, I. D.; Decock, J.; Degrange, B.; Deil, C.; Devin, J.; deWilt, P.; Dirson, L.; Djannati-Atai, A ...; Domainko, W.; Donath, A.; Drury, L. O 'C.; Dutson, K.; Dyks, J.; Edwards, T.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Ernenwein, J. -P; Eschbach, S.; Farnier, Christi ...; Fegan, S.; Fernandes, M. V.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Foerster, A.; Funk, S.; Fuessling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gallant, Y. A.; Garrigoux, T.; Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J. ...; Gottschall, D.; Goyal, A.; Grondin, M. -H; Hahn, J.; Haupt, M.; Hawkes, J.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holch, T. L.; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Ivascenko, A.; Iwasaki, H.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jamrozy, M.; Janiak, M.; Jankowsky, D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jingo, M.; Jogler, T.; Jouvin, L.; Jung-Richardt, I ...; Kastendieck, M. ...; Katarzynski, K.; Katsuragawa, M.; Katz, U.; Kerszberg, D.; Khangulyan, D.; Khelifi, B.; King, J.; Klepser, S.; Klochkov, D.; Kluzniak, W.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, Nu.; Kosack, K.; Krakau, S.; Kraus, M.; Krueger, P. P.; Laffon, H.; Lamanna, G.; Lau, J.; Lees, J. -P; Lefaucheur, J.; Lefranc, V.; Lemiere, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, ...; Lenain, J. -P; Leser, E.; Lohse, T.; Lorentz, M.; Liu, R.; Lopez-Coto, R.; Lypova, I.; Marandon, V.; Marcowith, A.; Mariaud, C.; Wagner, Robert M ...; Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Mayer, M.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Mitchell, A. M. ...; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Morå, Knut; Moulin, E.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, S.; de Naurois, M.; Niederwanger, F.; Niemiec, J.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Odaka, H.; Ohm, S.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I.; Padovani, M.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Pekeur, N. W.; Pelletier, G.; Perennes, C.; Petrucci, P. -O; Peyaud, B.; Piel, Q.; Pita, S.; Poon, H.; Prokhorov, Dmitr ...; Prokoph, H.; Puehlhofer, G.; Punch, Michael; Quirrenbach, A.; Raab, S.; Rauth, R.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud, M.; de los Reyes, R.; Richter, S.; Rieger, F.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rulten, C. B.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, S.; Salek, D.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schuessler, F.; Schulz, A.; Schwanke, U.; Schwemmer, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M ...; Settimo, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shafi, N.; Shilon, I.; Simoni, R.; Sol, H.; Spanier, F.; Spengler, Gerrit; Spies, F.; Stawarz, L.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Stycz, K.; Sushch, I.; Takahashi, T.; Tavernet, J. -P; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tibaldo, L.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Trichard, C.; Tsuji, N.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; van der Walt, D. ...; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venters, C.; Viana, A.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Voisin, F.; Voelk, H. J.; Vuillaume, T.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wagner, S. J.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, R. M.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Willmann, P.; Woernlein, A.; Wouters, D.; Yang, R.; Zaborov, D.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zefi, F.; Ziegler, A.; Zywucka, N.; show less...

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Characterising the VHE diffuse emission in the central 200 parsecs of our Galaxy with HESS

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