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Craniopharyngioma. Morbidity and Structural Changes in the Brain

Fjalldal, Sigríður Bára (författare)
Lund University,Lunds universitet,Medicin, Lund,Sektion II,Institutionen för kliniska vetenskaper, Lund,Medicinska fakulteten,Endokrin,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Medicine, Lund,Section II,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund,Faculty of Medicine,Endocrine,Lund University Research Groups
 (creator_code:org_t)
ISBN 9789176197196
2018
Engelska 101 s.
Serie: Lund University, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral Dissertation Series, 1652-8220
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
Abstract Ämnesord
Stäng  
  • Hypothalamus (HT) is a brain structure which serves as a coordination center for several vital body functions. Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a pituitary tumor with high morbidity, primarily due to HT lesion. Among important consequences of CP are cognitive dysfunction and intractable weight gain due to HT obesity, resulting in high cardiovascular (CV) risk. A better understanding of the structural brain damage due to the tumor growth and/or its treatment, is a prerequisite for improved treatment and follow-up care of patients with CP. The focus of this thesis is to explore structural brain alterations and whether these may be associated with a) cognitive dysfunction b) metabolism. We begin by analyzing which cognitive domains are affected (paper I). We proceed to apply diffusion tensor imaging, a new technique in the field of magnetic resonance imaging to analyse the integrity of white matter (WM) neural pathways, as well as the HT (paper II-III). In addition, hippocampal volume was measured (paper II). The HT volume was explored in relation to anthropometric features and neuropeptides important in obesity. Postoperative risk stratification based on HT volume is proposed as a tool for improved postoperative follow-up care (paper IV). Finally, we analyse brain white matter lesions (WML) caused by chronic microvasculature hypoperfusion which may serve as a marker of increased risk for CV diseases and stroke (paper V). Our most important findings are that CP patients have impaired memory, disturbed attention and processing speed. WM alterations in the uncinate fasciculus are associated with worse general knowledge. The strongest correlation was found between visual memory and WM alterations in the cingulum. A smaller hippocampus, as well as WM alterations in the hippocampus, are associated with worse general knowledge. A decrease in HT volume is associated with increased fat mass and leptin among patients and we present a new method which may be valuable for postoperative risk assessment. CP patients have a significant increase in total WML volume which is associated with HT volume and cranial radiotherapy. In conclusion, there is an association between cognitive dysfunction and WM alterations among patients with CP. HT volume may serve as a tool for postoperative risk assessment. WML may be valuable for identification of high-risk CP patients providing an opportunity for early preventive treatment of CV diseases and stroke.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin (hsv//swe)
MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

craniopharyngioma
hypothalamus
hypothalamic obesity
metabolism
cognition
magnetic resonance imaging
diffusion tensor imaging
white matter lesions
morbidity
cardiovascular risk
craniofaryngiom
hypotalamus
hypotalamisk fetma
ämnesomsättning
kognition
magnetkameraundersökning
vitsubstansförändringar
dödlighet
hjärt-kärlsjukdomar

Publikations- och innehållstyp

dok (ämneskategori)
vet (ämneskategori)

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Fjalldal, Sigríð ...
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MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP
MEDICIN OCH HÄLS ...
och Klinisk medicin
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Lund University, ...
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Lunds universitet

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